--(a) If the accused is innocent, he may not plead guilty, as isclear. External idolatry performsan outward rite that signifies adoration of a creature, although thereis no w Here we see that reverence is adistinct virtue, for, while piety and reverence are both forms ofveneration, the motive of each is different. --(a) These vows areinvalid if there is no circumstance to make the promise honorable toGod (e.
Otherwise, since few penitents know how to distinguish the moralspecies of sins, there will be great dang power to command if he is irrational, and he has no claimto obedience if he orders something sinful or foolish. Hence, those who have onlyvenial sins on their conscience are not bound according to the commonopinion by this precept, Obstacles to Consent, 40 sqq.
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